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<img height='250' src='http://vaticanstamps.org/VPS/images/296/654.jpg'>
<img height='250' src='http://vaticanstamps.org/VPS/images/296/655.jpg'>
<img height='250' src='http://vaticanstamps.org/VPS/images/296/656.jpg'> 
Father Angelo Secchi, Instruments and Inventions: 
180 l: Meteorograph, 220 l: Spectroscope, 300 l: Telescope Scott 654-656 (1979)</center>
 
On June 25, 1979, Vatican City issued three stamps honoring the centennial of the death of Father Angelo Secchi. The three stamps presented above show a profile of Father Secchi in the upper left, the visible spectrum along the top of the stamp, and depictions of solar protuberances in the bottom left corner. Each stamp illustrates an instrument used by Father Secchi in his studies. The stamps were due to be issued in 1978, but were delayed due to the deaths of two popes in 1978: Popes Paul VI and John Paul I.
 
Pietro Angelo Secchi was born on June 29, 1818, in Reggio nell’Emilia, in the duchy of Modena (now in Italy). Secchi entered the Society of Jesus in 1833. He went on to became a lecturer in physics and mathematics at the Jesuit College in Loreto, Italy. In 1844, he went to Rome to complete his theological studies and to lecture at the Roman College. When the Jesuits were expelled from Rome in 1848, Secchi went to Stonyhurst College in England, and then to Georgetown University in Washington, DC. Due to his reputation as an astronomer, he was allowed to return to Rome in 1849, where he became a professor of astronomy and the director of the observatory at the Roman College (now the Gregorian University), a role he filled for 28 years.
 
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<img height='350' src='https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/Osservatorio_del_Collegio_Romano.jpg'> 
Observatory of the Collegio Romano (1852) 
From Wikimedia Commons, in the public domain</center>
 
He erected a new observatory at the College, where he carried out his research in stellar spectroscopy, terrestrial magnetism, and meteorology. His studies of the spectra of stars led to the development of his system whereby stars could be classified according to their spectral type and that stars could be arranged in four classes, based on the type of spectra they displayed. Also, based on his observations of solar phenomena, he was one of the first astronomers to state authoritatively that the Sun is a star.
 
In addition to his work in the field of astronomy, Father Secchi also studied oceanography, meteorology, and physics. Two examples of his inventions include the Secchi disk, which is used to measure the water transparency of the oceans and other bodies of water, and the Meteorograph, used for the recording of meteorological data.
 
In addition to the three-stamp set issued in 1979, Vatican City also issued a stamp in 2018 commemorating the 200th anniversary of Father Secchi's birth:
 
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<img height='275' src='http://vaticanstamps.org/VPS/images/296/1691.jpg'> Father Angelo Secchi Scott 1691 (2018)</center>
 
REFERENCES: 
<li>Vatican Notes, Volume 28, Number 2, pp. 2-5, 1979, <a href='https://vaticanstamps.org/vaticannotes/idisplay2.php?p=166-02&r=0'>Fr. Secchi</a> 
<li>UFN, May 3, 2018, <a href = 'https://vaticanstamps.org/UFN/images/2018-2-14-1.jpg'>Science and Faith: Maria Gaetana Agnesi and Fr. Angelo Secchi</a> 
<li>Wikipedia, <a href='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angelo_Secchi'>Angelo Secchi</a> 
<li>Vatican Philatelic Society website, www.vaticanstamps.org, Stamp Database Search

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