(0=no, 1=publish, 2=hold)

  (B for second year group)

  (YYYY-MM-DD)

  (MM/DD)

  (1 - Not done or incomplete, 2 - No outside material used, 3 - Meets standards)

That does tradition claim that the Papal Tiara symbolizes?

Back in 1954. William Wonneberger, Jr, founder of the Vatican Philatelic Society wrote about the Papal Tiara: <blockquote> The Papal Tiara or triple crown as it is sometimes called, is a tall headdress of gold cloth ornamented with precious stones, encircled with three coronets and surrounded by a cross. The original tiara consisted of a plain helmet-like cap of white material and was provided with its first circle about 1136 A.D. The second was added during the Pontificate of Pope Boniface VIII (1294-1303). The earliest representation of the tiara with three crowns is found on the effigy of Pope Benedict who died in 1342. The tiara's earliest name <b>Camelaucum</b> (made of camel's hair would indicate it was of Byzantine origin and was probably adopted by the Popes from the Byzantine court headdress, the <b>Kamelaukion</b>.<br><br> Tradition claims that the Papal Tiara symbolizes the three major roles of the Pope - lawgiver, judge, and teacher. A second story passed through the ages claims it represents the sovereign authority of the Pope over the three churches - militant, suffering, and triumphant. Still a third version claims the Papal Tiara symbolizes the three spiritual powers of the Pontiff - teaching, ruling, and sanctifying. The real meaning of the Crown of the Pope may never be known as its origin is lost in the veils of antiquity. </blockquote><br> <center> <img src='http://vaticanstamps.org/cms/images/PapalTiara.jpg' height='225px'></center><br> The papal tiara is a crown that was worn by Popes of the Catholic Church from as early as the 8th century to the mid-20th. <br><br> <b>Reference</b><br> • William Wonneberger, "The Vatican Postage Stamps" <i>National Philatelic Museum</i> Volumn 7 Number 1 page 61 (This publication was produced for the 1954 Marian Year Philatelic Exhibition held in Philadelphia September 22 - November 5, 1954.)<br> • Papal tiara, Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papal_tiara<br><br> <center> <img src='http://vaticanstamps.org/VPS/images/296/68.jpg' height='225px'> <img src='http://vaticanstamps.org/VPS/images/296/69.jpg' height='225px'>   <img src='http://vaticanstamps.org/VPS/images/296/70.jpg' height='225px'> <img src='http://vaticanstamps.org/VPS/images/296/71.jpg' height='225px'><br><br>  Coronation of Pope Pius XII<br> Scott # 68-71 (1939) </center><br><br>